初中英语史地常识类阅读填空题

People often think of the North Pole（北极） and the South Pole as similar frozen（冰冻的）

wastelands．They are both places with very cold temperatures and few people live there．However，the North and South Poles are not much alike as people may imagine．

The North Pole has no land，only thick ice．Temperatures seldom go above 32°F，at which water turns into ice．Most of the time，it stays below zero．In winter temperatures are usually as low as﹣30°F．

Although conditions were very poor，people tried for many centuries to reach the North Pole．About 100years ago，two men，Robert Peary and Mathew Henson，were able to get to this environment full of troubles and difficulties．They reached the North Pole on March 8th，1909．It was really a hard trip for them．

There are few things more dangerous than crossing the Arctic（北极圈） on foot．People who stayed there may face many problems：very cold temperatures，sudden storms，and even hunger．Most of the area is uninhabited．Few people can live in such a difficult place．

People might think that with such low temperatures for most of the year，the ice would be thick and hard．However，this is not true in the Arctic．The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface．Sometimes the ice breaks into two opening lanes of water（水道） called"leads"．Anyone who falls into a lead can be frozen to death in a few minutes．

（1）This passage is probably from　　．

A．a book review

B．a science book

C．a school report

D．a computer magazine

（2）According to the passage，what happened about 100years ago？　　

A．Two men succeeded in getting to the North Pole．

B．Temperatures in the North Pole went above 32°F．

C．The environment in the North Pole suddenly became worse．

D．The North Pole changed into thick ice because of the temperatures．

（3）What does the underlined word"uninhabited"probably mean in Chinese？　　

A．气候恶劣的   

B．充满危险的   

C．困难重重的  

D．无人居住的

（4）The reason for the ice to break into two opening lanes of water is　　．

A．that the temperature suddenly drops

B．that the water under the ice is frozen

C．that the ocean water under the ice moves

D．that the surface is covered with lots of ice

（5）What does this passage mainly talk about？　　

A．The thick ice in the North Pole．

B．A difficult trip to the North Pole．

C．The real situation in the North Pole．

D．The differences between the North Pole and the South Pole．

    Siena is an old city in the north of Italy．It began with a group of people living on its hills over 2，900 years ago．Around the year 1100，Siena became an important business center in Italy．In 1472，the first bank of the world was built in this city and has been doing business ever since．

    Today Siena is famous for keeping its"old face"．For example，its city walls，which helped keep the city safe in the past，are hundreds of years old now and look almost the same as before．Also，many old buildings are seen at the Piazza del Campo，the most important meeting place of the city．Few things have really changed in this center of public life for hundreds of years．Now people still go to the open space for sharing news，shopping，or playing sports．There is one more thing that helps keep Siena's old face：cars cannot enter the city most of the time．

True，Siena is old，but it's beautifully old．People are welcome to visit this beautiful city and walk into the past．

根据短文内容，判断下列句子是否正确，对的涂（A），错的涂（B）．

51．The old city，Siena，began more than 2，900 years ago．　　

52．Siena is famous for having the first bank of the world today．　　

53．People in Siena have protected the old city walls very well．　　

54．Few old buildings can be found at the Piazza del Campo．　　

55．Most of the time cars are not allowed to enter Siena．　　．

For years， it has been said that newspapers are at death's door．Every year brings more news of closing．But why is the situation so terrible for newspapers？

    Newspapers have a long history． The first newspaper was printed in the 1600s． Their most successful period is in the early 20th century．

    With the appearance of radio and TV， however， newspaper circulation （发行量） began to fall．（3）By the mid﹣20th century，radio and TV had become so popular that people no longer had to depend on newspapers for news． That was especially true for breaking （突发的） news．

    Afternoon newspapers were the first to suffer （受损害）． After work， more and more people turned on TV instead of opening a newspaper． That was because TV could provide news happening a short time ago． It's true that newspapers couldn't compete with TV on speed， but they could provide in﹣depth （深入详尽的） reports that TV news could not．

    But newspapers suffered another， heavier blow （打击） in the 1990s． With the appearance of the Internet， tons of information became free． Many newspaper readers realized that they could read news on the Internet． There seemed to be little reason to pay for a newspaper subscription （订阅）．

    So what does the future hold？ Will newspapers die？ Maybe not． Many newspapers are now making changes． Some are going digital （数字的）． Some are going farther and taking the industry to places it has never been to． After all， people still want the news． And many agree that newspapers are still an important source （来源） of in﹣depth news， analysis （分析） and opinions．

    （4）If newspapers disappear completely．there will be nothing to take their place．

A．根据短文内容简要回答问题．

（1）What made the newspaper circulation fall？　　

（2）Will newspapers disappear？ Why or why not？（选择一种情况作答）　　

B．将短文中划线的句子译成汉语．

（3）　　

（4）　　

C．请给短文拟一个适当的英文标题．

（5）　　

There are long rivers， and there are famous rivers． The Nile（尼罗河）is the world's longest and most famous river． It runs 6，650 kilometers． Crocodiles and hippos（河马）live in its waters． Pyramids built by ancient Egyptians rise along its banks．

    The main branch of the Nile， the White Nile， starts just above Lake Victoria， the world's second largest fresh﹣water lake， in east central Africa． Then it flows to the north． At Sudan's capital， another great river called the Blue Nile joins the White Nile． Together， they form one very powerful river． Then it goes through Egypt's famous Nile Valley before reaching the Mediterranean Sea．

    Ancient Egypt， the first great African civilization（文明）， started along the banks of the Nile more than 5，000 years ago． Ancient Egypt ruled the Nile Valley for thousands of years． Great pyramids and temples were built on the banks and we can still visit them today．

    Without the rich farmland along the banks of the Nile， there might be no ancient Egypt civilization． Every year， the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． The Nile's banks were easy to farm and produce crops．

    The Nile also made a perfect highway for boats． The river runs north， but the wind on the river blows south． To go south， boaters put up sails to catch the wind． To go north， they took the sails down． Ancient people traded along the river for hundreds of miles．

The Nile ﹣ the （1）　　 and most famous river in the world
Where does the Nile flow？	• The White Nile is the （2）　___　 branch of the Nile． It starts （3）　____　 Lake Victoria and then runs to the north． • The Blue Nile joins the White Nile at the （4）　__ of Sudan． They form a powerful river． • Then the Nile goes through the Nile Valley． Finally it （5）　___　 the Mediterranean Sea．
The Nile's long and rich （6）　　.	• Ancient Egypt started along the banks of the Nile over 5.000 years ago． Its people （7）　___　 pyramids and temples we can still visit today． • Every year the Nile flooded its banks． The floodwaters covered the banks with a rich soil． Rich farmland made this ancient civilization（8）　　． • The Nile made a perfect highway for boats． To go south， boaters put up sails to catch the wind． To go （9）　　， they took the sails down． Ancient people bought and （10）　___　 goods along the river for hundreds of miles．

When Zheng He was born， he was named Ma Wenhe． He was born in Yunnan in 1371． （1）　　 However， when the Ming Dynasty was established （建立）， the army caught Ma Wenhe and took him to one of the emperor's sons， Prince Zhu Di．

    Ma Wenhe served the prince well and soon he became one of the prince's closest advisors． （2）　　． Later the prince became the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty as the Yongle Emperor．    The Yongle Emperor wanted to show other countries the greatness and power of the Ming Dynasty． （3）　　． He made Zheng He the leader of a fleet （舰队） and ordered him to explore （探索） the world．

    On Zheng He's first trip， he traveled all the way to Calicut， India． With over 200ships and nearly 28，000men， he visited many countries along the way． His first trip lasted from 1405to1407． Zheng He and his fleet traded and made close relations at the places they visited．

    Zheng He continued to sail for the Ming Dynasty over the rest of his life． He traveled to many faraway places， going all the way to the African coast and establishing trade relations with over 25countries． （4）　　． He also brought back diplomats （外交官） from many countries to meet with the Chinese Emperor．

A． Some of the ships were longer than a football field． B． The prince trusted him and changed his name to Zheng He． C． His father and grandfather were Muslim leaders of the Yuan Dynasty． D． He brought back all kinds of animals such as giraffes and camels． E． He also wanted to establish trade relations with other peoples of the world．

Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254． When he was 17， he travelled along the Silk Road with his father． who wanted to trade with the Chinese． Finally， they arrived in Beijing． They were guests at the Emperor's Palace． Marco was very clever and could speak four languages． The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends． He asked Marco to serve in his court （宫殿） and sent him to do many important jobs all over the country．

    Marco was amazed by how beautiful China was． He was impressed by Beijing and the Emperor's Palace， especially the Summer Palace which was described as "The greatest palace that I've ever seen"． The walls were covered with gold and silver and the hall was so big that it could easily hold 6，000 people for dinner．"

    Marco was also attracted （吸引） by the inventions and developments in China which couldn't be found in Europe at that time． Marco was surprised to see Chinese people using paper money in the markets． In Europe， people paid for goods（货物） with gold and silver． He could not understand how people paid for food and valuable things with paper! He was also puzzled by the black stones people used to burn to produce heat． The black stones were coal， but Marco had never seen coal before!

    After he served the Emperor for 17 years， in 1291， Marco returned to Italy． He was a very wealthy man then． A writer wrote down all the stories that Marco told him in a book called The Description of the World， which became one of the best﹣selling books in Europe．

    People enjoyed the book， but many of them thought that Marco's stories about China were too fantastic to be true． However， Marco always stood by his tales． Just before he died， aged 70， Marco was asked the question， "Was it all true？" And this was his answer， "I have only told a half what I saw!"

Marco Polo and China
Before arriving in China	◆ In 1254， he was born in Italy． ◆ At the age of 17， he travelled along the （1）　　with his father to trade with the Chinese．
During his living in China	◆ He made friends with the Emperor and served in the court． ◆ He did many （2）　　_____around China．
	◆ The beauty of China impressed him．
	◆ The （3）　　_____in China attracted Marco． ①Paper money was used to buy goods in the markets． ②Chinese people used （4）　　to produce heat．
After returning to Italy	◆ He became wealthy． ◆ A book written about his traveling experiences around the world sold well in Europe．
◆ The underlined sentence tells us that （5）　　．

In Australia there is a famous island called Fraser Island．A great many visitors come here for holidays every year．Why？The reason is that it is special．（56）　　．In fact，it is the largest sand island in the world．It's about 200 kilometers long and 240 kilometers wide．

   Though the island is a popular place of interest，there is no airport on the island．The long beach along the east coast works as the airport．（57）　　．

   On the island there are sand hills without any plants，but there are forests with old trees，beautiful flowers and over a hundred lakes，too．（58）　　．

   Every year，visitors come to enjoy the island's natural beauty．People like camping and hiking there．（59）　　．Animals were killed for food and this made them in danger of extinction （灭绝）．They threw rubbish everywhere，and the lakes were seriously polluted．

（60）　　．Rules have been set up．For example，visitors are not allowed to use motorboats （摩托艇） or go fishing in the lakes，and they mustn't leave any rubbish．

A．Planes arrive and leave from here

B．Anyone who breaks the rules w il be pun i shed

C．The island is completely made of sand

D．Unluckily，visitors have caused many problems

E．Many kinds of birds and animals live in the forest

F．So it is time to protect the environment of the island．

Many countries all over the world have National Parks．There are about 7，000 National Parks around the world．Most of them protect natural settings as well as the plants and animals that live there，but a few are in towns and cities．

Are there National Parks in England？

There are nine National Parks in England．The first three were the Peak District，the Lake District and Dartmoor，which were all named as National Parks in 1951．Others followed afterwards，such as the North York Moors in 1952，the New Forest in 2005 and the South Downs in 2010．

Are National Parks in England the same as those in other countries？

Many National Parks around the world cover huge areas of land where nobody lives，but in England most of the countryside within them is useful for farming and other activities．As a result，National Parks in England include places where people live and work，as well as wild and beautiful areas where there is little sign or human life．

Why do visitors go to the National Parks？

There are plenty of activities to do in all of the National Parks in England．Visitors can walk or cycle，following marked route，and many of the parks organize activities for families．

Are there any problems in the National Parks？

There are about 110 million visitors to the parks every year，bringing many benefits to the areas but creating problems too．Many popular towns and villages can be swamped （充斥） by visitors．This results in overcrowded car parks and roads choked （堵塞） with traffic．Life can be difficult for people who live there，as more and more gift shops and cafes are opened instead of those everyday shops； in popular areas，house prices can become too high for local people making it hard for them to stay in the area．

Another major problem is litter．In the parks it is a particular （特别的） danger to animals．Broken glass can also cause fires by focusing the rays of the sun．When these start in wild places，they are much harder to control and can damage （毁坏） large areas very quickly．

How can people help？

All National Parks in England promote （倡导） the Countryside Code，which tells people how to take care of their environment．If these rules are followed，the National Parks will be protected and continue to give pleasure to many people for a long time．

National Parks in England
（56）　Purpose	◆Most National Parks around the world are to protect nature．
Development	◆Nine parks were named as National Parks in England in different（57）　　．
（58）	◆Many National Parks around the world are huge in area but（59）　　any people． ◆Most of the countryside in National Parks in England is used for farming and    other activities．
Reasons	◆Visitors can walk or cycle，following marked routes，and families are（60）　　with organized activities．
Problems	◆Too many visitors can cause heavy（61）　　． ◆The disappearance of everyday shops makes（62）　　difficult． ◆Local people can hardly（63）　　to buy houses in popular areas． ◆Litter is（64）　　to animals．Fires caused by broken glass can damage large areas very quickly．
Way out	◆People should（65）　　the rules of the Countryside Code．

Extreme Amazon（亚马孙之最）

    Twenty percent of all the water that goes into oceans around the world comes from one river﹣the Amazon．

    The Amazon River begins in the Andes Mountains in Peru． It travels about 6000 kilometers to the Atlantic Ocean． It is the largest river in the world． It is also the second longest． Most of the Amazon's water comes from rain． During the rainy season， parts of the river are 190 kilometers wide．

    The Amazon River goes through the world's largest rain forest． The Amazon rain forest is home to the highest number of plant and animal species（种类） on Earth． There are 2.5 million kinds of insects， such as the world's largest ant． At least 3，000 kinds， of fish， live there， and one﹣fifth of all the bird species in the world． Some of the Amazon's animals are dangerous， such as the anaconda， the largest snake in the world． But there are also gentle animals， like the sloth and the pink dolphin．

    The Amazon is very important to Earth． There are still many kinds of animals and plants there that we don't know about． If we lose the Amazon， we will lose a big part of life on Earth．

The largest and （1）　__　longest river in the world	The world's（2）　　 rain forest	The world's largest ant and 2.5 million other insects
	Extreme Amazon	（4）　　that live in the Amazon
	（3）　　to the highest number of plant and animal species on Earth	The anaconda，the largest snake in the world

West Lake is suitable for visiting all year round． The scenery is different according to the weather and season．

    Spring

    Spring （ from March to May）is the best season to visit West Lake．In Spring，green（1）　　（leaf） and flowers make West Lake more beautiful．Lots of visitors choose to visit West Lake in March and April

    Summer

    Summer（ from （2）　　 to August） is the season of Lotus（莲花） flowers．The lotuses attract many people． "Lotus in the Breeze at Crooked Courtyard" （曲院风荷）is one of the（3）　　 famous sights of West Lake．It is also the best place to visit in summer．It is an area by the （4）　　 （west） bank of the lake． Every summer， there （5）　　 （ be） hundreds of kinds of beautiful lotuses （6）　　 are enjoyed by millions of visitors from home and abroad．

    Autumn

    Autumn（ from September to November） is cool at West Lake． In Autumn， the enjoyable weather is right for （7）　　 （ walk） round or going boating on the lake．West Lake is also a popular place for enjoying the （8）　　 moon in the sky at the Mid ﹣ Autumn Festival．

    Winter

    Winter（ from Decem ber to February）at West Lake is very cold and wet．Sometimes it snows．The snow makes West Lake white and beautiful．"Melting Snow at Broken Bridge" is beautiful scenery in winter．The bridge is famous not（9）　　 for its snowy scenery，but also for its romantic tale．It was on the Broken Bridge that Bai Suzhen first met her．（10）　_　 （ love）． Xu Xian．

Forests are the lungs of the earth．Without them，it cannot breathe．It needs its forests to remove carbon dioxide from the air and to make oxygen．In many countries，such as New Zealand，Canada，and Brazil，forests were cut down to（1）　　 （提供）wood to build houses．Cutting down trees is（2）h　　 to human beings，animals and plants． Many young volunteers around the world are working in their holidays to plant new trees to replace them．

    These young men and women（3）f　　 many difficulties when they plant new tees．The weather may be very hot and dry or may be very cold and wet．Tree（4）　　（种植者）are changing the world．They plant different types of trees so that birds and animals can live in the forests．They（5）b　　that in 50 years their little trees will become beautiful forests．

在英语拓展课上,你需要介绍一个非洲国家．请你根据搜索到的有关肯尼亚的部分资料,完成PPT演示文稿．

    Republic of Kenya is a country in Africa, with a population of about 48,000,000．Nairobi is the capital of Kenya． Kiswahili and English are its official languages, and it also has many local languages． Kenya covers 582,646 square kilometers． It has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline． On Kenya's land, fruit, vegetables, coffee, tea, corns and wheat are the main agricultural produce． The people in Kenya like cross country running, road running, soccer, boxing and so on． Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics．

Republic of Kenya Capital： （1）　　 Size： （2）　　km^2 Official languages：Kiswahili． （3）

Population： （4）　　 million Sports： cross country running, （5）　　, soccer, boxing

在英语拓展课上，你需要介绍一个非洲国家．请你根据搜索到的有关肯尼亚的部分资料，完成PPT演示文稿．

    Republic of Kenya is a country in Africa， with a population of about 48，000，000．Nairobi is the capital of Kenya． Kiswahili and English are its official languages， and it also has many local languages． Kenya covers 582，646 square kilometers． It has a warm and humid tropical climate on its Indian Ocean coastline． On Kenya's land， fruit， vegetables， coffee， tea， corns and wheat are the main agricultural produce． The people in Kenya like cross country running， road running， soccer， boxing and so on． Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics， six gold， four silver and four bronze， making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics．

Republic of Kenya Capital： （1）　　 Size： （2）　　km^2 Official languages：Kiswahili． （3）

Population： （4）　　 million Sports： cross country running， （5）　　， soccer， boxing

On April 1st，China announced that it would build the Xiong'an New Area in Hebei province．This will be of the same importance as Shenzhen Special Economy Zone，and Pudong New Area．

     The area，will cover three counties（县） that sit at the center of the triangular （三角形的）area formed by Beijing，Tianjin，and Shijiazhuang．

      The Xiong'an New Area has a great potential（潜力） for growth．It has a large space to develop and will expand（扩大） to cover 2，000 square kilometers．The transportation of the area is convenient，with only an hour to drive to Beijing and Tianjin．

     The new area also has a wonderful natural environment．It is home to Baiyangdian，one of the largest fresh water wetlands in North China．With more than 140 lakes，the wetland is known as the "pearl（珍珠）" of the North China Plain．

      Once built，the area will lower the heavy burden（负担） on Beijing．For example，many companies，universities and scientific research centers will move from Beijing to the area．

      International experts and media also think highly of these new area，saying that it will set an example to developing countries．

The Xiong'an New Area
Location	It lies in Hebei province．It will be as（1）　　 as the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Pudong New Area．
Size	There are three counties in the new area and it will cover（2）　　 square kilometers．
Transportation	The transportation of the area is convenient，and it will take only an（3）　　 to drive to Beijing and Tianjin．
Advantages	The Xiong'an New Area will lower the heavy burden on Beijing if it（4）　　．Besides international experts and media who think（5）　　of this new area believe that it will set an example to developing countries．

Iceland is a northern European country with amazing natural beauty and oceans around．There are lots of volcanoes（火山）．It has a short summer which lasts from June to August．The long winter starts from September and ends next May．

Summer in Iceland is a golden season for tourists．Every year，people from all over the world come here to see the beautiful sights and enjoy the exciting whale﹣seeing（观鲸）．

In winter，when people in Iceland complete their daily work，they will have a lot of special activities to spend the long dark night．Skating．riding snow motorbikes and having parties can really make an exciting night．After all the fun，a hot bath must be the first choice to relax．There are also story telling activities for children，which can teach them to be strong and kind．The most popular stories are about Christmas in Iceland．

Because of a long cold winter，Iceland has a short growing season．Food problem was always a headache for Iceland in the past．It had to buy most of its food from other countries．Later，when farmers learned to use lights and underground heat to grow crops（庄稼）all year round in the greenhouse，things changed a lot．

  Living in such a nice environment，most people in Iceland live a happy life．According to a survey about happiness made each year in Europe，Iceland is always among the top 3．

（1）What does""It"refer to in the first paragraph？

It refers to 　　．

（2）When do visitors usually come to enjoy whale﹣seeing？

Visitors come to see the whales 　　．

（3）How can people spend an exciting night？

They can skate，ride snow motorbikes and 　　．

（4）Why does Iceland have a short growing season？

Because Iceland has a 　　．

（5）According to the passage，what kind of life do people in Iceland live？

They live a 　　life．