初中英语科普知识类阅读试题

What is the future of AI（人工智能）？Will it be a good thing？ We asked students what they think．

	I believe AI will be more useful in our future lives． It's now used in many fields， like phones and medicine． No one really knows what will happen if machines become smarter than humans． However， I'm sure AI will help us solve many problems．
	I am worried that people create something that can be better than themselves． In the near future， AI will develop at a high speed． Humans may be replaced because Al robots will do lots of human jobs．
	I really think that AI will change the way we work， the way we live，and the way we think． Imagine if we could put a CPU inside our brain! Soon we'll be able to improve our math and memory． How exciting！
	Think of what's happening right now． Some robots are used to kill animals under human orders． So I think Al will be very dangerous for humans． We need to be careful about what we ask machines to do．

（1）John thinks that AI will be 　　in the future．

A．	exciting
B．	surprising
C．	helpful
D．	dangerous

（2）What does Tina think of AI？ 　　

A．	It will be a danger to the world
B．	It will develop at a high speed．
C．	It will help us solve many problems．
D．	It will change the way we work．

（3）Bill thinks humans may be replaced because 　　．

A．	we can't improve our memory
B．	AI robots will do human jobs
C．	we can put CPU in our brains
D．	AI can help to improve our math．

（4）Who feels excited about the development of AI in the future？ 　　

A．	Mary
B．	Bill
C．	John
D．	Tina

Have you seen advertisements about hair care products？The models（模特） have shining hair like jewels（宝石）．But now making hair shine is no longer the task of hair care products，because hair can be made into real jewels．Believe it or not，a company called LifeGem in the US makes it possible．

The company is in the business of taking hair from dead people and making them into diamonds（钻石）．Now the company plans to make three diamonds using Beethoven's hair to show their latest technology．The work will take about 7months．In the end，Beethoven's long hair will become three shining diamonds．

Since the great musician died in 1827，you may wonder where they got Beethoven's hair．A man called John Reznikoff gave the hair to the company．He holds the Guinness World Record for the latest and most valuable collection of celebrity（名人） hair．His collection also includes hair of Napoleon，Albert Einstein，Abraham Lincoln and John F．Kennedy．In total，the collection is worth over five million dollars．

Though it sounds unbelievable，diamonds made with hair are for the families to remember the dead．

Answer the questions according to the passage．

76．What does the company of LifeGem do？

　 　

77．How did the company get Beethoven's hair？

　 　

78．John Reznikoff doesn't collect Albert Einstein's hair，does he？

　 　

79．How long will the work take？

　 　

80．What are the diamonds made with hair for？

　 　．

Have you ever seen a horse with toes？Millions of years ago，horses had many toes．They had four toes on each front foot．They had three toes on each back foot．The horses were no bigger than the cats．These small horses lived in the forest．The toes helped the horses run on the soft，wet ground．

At first，it was very hot in the forest．But the weather changed．It became very cold．Many trees could not live in cold weather．The trees died and fell．Open fields took the place of forests．The sun made the ground dry and hard．

Horses began to change，too．They began to get bigger．This took a long time．On the dry，hard land，horses needed only their middle toes for running．Their middle toes became hard．After a long time，horses had only one hard toe on each foot．Now we call this hard toe a hoof（蹄子）．

Judge the following sentences true （T） or false （F） according to the passage．

61．A horse had fourteen toes in total millions of years ago． 　　

62．At first the weather in the forest was very hot． 　　

63．The horses were much bigger than the cats millions of years ago． 　　

64．On the dry，hard land，horses needed only their middle toes for running． 　　

65．Horses didn't have any changes over the years at all． 　　．

Remember books？ The paper kind．With pages．In the old days before computers，to get information，people read books and newspapers．Students spent hours and hours in the library，looking for information in the old books for homework． Now students can find anything on the internet in seconds．The library was a place where everyone was quiet． Sing along to music？Never! Watch a movie on phone while they are reading？ Impossible! But now students can watch videos about their research topic as they write a paper．

Before computers， articles were handwritten． If a student made a mistake， he would throw the paper away and start writing all over again． Now？ If a student makes a mistake， he can just remove or cut it． Students type on their computers and edit （编辑） freely． But they should save their writing in time on the computer because it may stop working suddenly． Who wants to lose his hard work forever？

Communication online is easy and fun． While students are writing ， they can discuss with friends in another window ．Did you think they were chatting （聊天） with someone in the real same room？ No! They're chatting with everyone in their own room．

Technology helps us get important information in no time．In areas where bad weather is a problem，we can get warnings from our phone． Our local radio or TV station can give information about where to get help or what to do to keep our family and home safe．

Technology is our friend!

（1）题完成句子；（2）、（3）题简略回答问题；（4）题找出并写下第四段的主题句；（5）题将文中画线句子译成汉语．

（1）In the old days before computers， people 　　to get information．

（2）How can a student correct his mistake while writing on the computer？ 　　

（3）Why should students save their writing in time on the computer？ 　　

（4） 　　

（5） 　　

Artificial intelligence （AI） （人工智能） is growing rapidly． We are living in a world that depends more and more on AI． AI is a group of technologies that help machines get， understand and use information to do tasks．

AI's recent developments have got a lot of social attention． Some people have welcomed AI because it makes things possible． For example， AI will have a big influence on areas like medicine and engineering． But this attention has also produced a lot of fear． Especially， many workers are worrying that AI could make them lose their jobs．

According to a recent study， nearly five percent of jobs will disappear because of AI． In some industries， AI is already doing the work that people used to do， such as assembling （装配） cars， digging the coal and lifting goods． Self﹣driving cars and trucks controlled by AI will also take away the driver's jobs in the future．

On the other hand， AI will also create many new jobs for people． More people will be needed to write programmers for AI systems （系统） and they will set up and work on them， too． Meanwhile， jobs that require feelings， excellent communication skills with people will not be replaced （取代） by AI． These includes jobs in fields like teaching， nursing and personal training．

AI is here． It is changing how people live and work in many ways． That makes AI important to watch， not to fear．

1﹣2题完成句子；3题简略回答问题；4题找出并写下第二段的主题句；5题将问中画线句子译成汉语．

（1）AI is 　　that help machines to do tasks．

（2） 　　controlled by AI may make the drivers lose their jobs．

（3）What will AI create for people？

　　

（4） 　　

（5） 　　

Why are dogs our best friends．Maybe because they can understand our words much better than we thought，according to a study in Hungary．It found that dogs understand not only what we say，but also how we say it．

"The results were very exciting and very surprising．"Said the researcher Attila Andies，from Eotvos Lorand University in Budapest．

For the study，the researchers first trained 13 dogs for months．The dogs had to sit quietly inside machine，so that the researchers could check their activity．

Then the researcher put headphones on dogs and played people's voice to them．There were four different voice．Some were positive words，such as"well down"，or neutral（不带感情色彩的） words like"however"．The words were also in different tones（音调）．Some were positive and some were neutral．

Brain scans（扫描）showed that the dogs could recognize（辨认）words．as well as the tone of words，much like people do．The positive words with a positive tone brought the stronger activity in their brain's reward centers（反应中枢）．

"It shows that for dogs，a nice phrase can word very well as a prize，but it words best if both words and tones match．"Said Andies．

They also found that dogs deal with meaningful words with the left side of the brain and tones with the right．Human brains work in the same way．

It gave us a new understanding of language，said Andies．That is，not only do humans understand the meaning in words，other species（物种） do too．

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项，并在答题卡上将选定的答案字母标号涂黑．

36．What was found according to the study in Hungary？ 　　

A．	Dogs can't understand people words．
B．	Dogs can only understand what we say．
C．	Dogs can understand what we thought better than our words．
D．	Dogs understand not only what we say，but also how we say it．

37．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the study？ 　　

A．	Researchers played with the dogs．
B．	Researchers made dogs sit inside machine．
C．	Researchers scanned the dogs'brain．
D．	Researchers played people's voice to the dogs．

38．Dogs think 　　as a best prize．

A．	neutral words with a neutral tone．
B．	neutral words with a positive tone．
C．	positive words with neutral tone
D．	positive words with positive tone

39．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE？ 　　

A．	Human brains don't work in the same way as dogs do．
B．	Dogs deal with meaningful words with the left side of the brain．
C．	The researchers trained dogs for years to check their brain activity．
D．	Researcher Attila Andies was disappointed at the result of the study．

40．What is the main idea of the passage？ 　　

A．	Dogs are as clever as humans．
B．	Dogs are good at learning human's language．
C．	Dogs can understand the meaning in words．
D．	Dogs can do what human do．

Do you know why different animals or insects have their special colors？Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves．

Some birds like eating locusts（蝗虫），but birds can't easily catch them．Why？It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops．When crops are green，locusts look green．But as the harvest time comes，locusts change to the same brown color as crops have．Some other insects with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others，so they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night．

If you study the animal life，you will find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves．Bears，lions and other animals move quickly through the forest．They cannot be easily seen by hunters．This is because they have the colors much like the trees．

Have you ever noticed an even more strange fact？A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid（液体）when it faces danger．While the liquid spreads over，its enemies cannot find it．And it immediately swims away．So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all．

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项，将其标号在答题卡上涂黑．

（1）What are the special colors of different animals or insects used for？ 　　

A．	Showing their beauty．
B．	Finding themselves．
C．	Protecting themselves．
D．	Seeing others．

（2）In the harvest time，what is the color of the locusts？ 　　

A．	Green．
B．	Brown．
C．	Yellow．
D．	Red．

（3）When do other insects with different colors from plants come out？ 　　

A．	At night．
B．	In the afternoon．
C．	At noon．
D．	In the morning．

（4）Can hunters easily see the bears or lions in the forest？ 　　

A．	I don'tknow．
B．	I am not sure yet．
C．	No，they can't．
D．	Yes，they can．

Plants and Their Parts

Root，Stem，and Leaf Most plants have root（根），stems（茎），and leaves．Plants use these parts to get light and water．Roots hold the plant in the ground．They take in water and minerals（矿物质） from the ground．		Fruit Fruit is also part of the plant．Fruits keep seeds（种子） in safety so they can grow into new plants．Seeds are made by flowers．They come in all kinds of different shapes and sizes．They can grow into new plants．Sometimes，seeds are kept in safety inside of fruit．Some fruits，like strawberries，have seeds on the outside．In order to grow，seeds need to move to a new place where they can get the water，light，and space they need to live．
Flower The flower is one of the parts of the plant． Flowers come in different colors，shapes，and sizes．Even though they look different，all flowers make seeds．		Connection Flowers make seeds．Then flowers turn into fruits．Seeds inside or on the fruit grow into new plants．

46．Which of the following can be used to get light and water？Roots，stems and　　．

A．seeds           

B．leaves         

C．fruits      

D．flowers

47．What is the use （作用）of the fruits？They can keep seeds　　．

A．safe            

B．different           

C．new        

D．big

48．How many parts of plants does the passage describe？　　

A．Three          

B．Four               

C．Five       

D．Six．

阅读短文，从各题所给的选项中，选择最佳选项．

Imagine the situation．You are driving along a desert or on a mountain．Then your car breaks down．You have no idea where you are．What should we do？Well，next time take a GPS with you．It is a device（设备） which uses satellites to find the user's position．It can find your position within 20meters．A GPS cannot start your car，but at least you will know where you are．

GPS，which means Global Positioning System，is a small radio receiver．It looks like a mobile phone．You can hold it in your hand，or put it in your pocket．It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone．We also find GPS devices in cars，planes，or boats．Some of these devices have electronic maps，so you know where you are．For example，in a city they can tell you the name of the street．

There are three parts to the Global Positioning System．The first part is the receiver．You can hold it in your hand，or have it fixed into your car，plane，etc．The second part is a group of satellites orbiting（绕） the Earth．The receiver contacts（联络） at least four of the satellites and calculates（计算） its position．The third part of the system is a net work of ground stations．They are all over the world．They control the satellites and make sure theyare working well．

Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile．They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate（精确的）．There are also new uses for the GPS．Perhaps they will become like watches．Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again．

66．According to the passage，with the help of the GPS，people 　　．

A．	can't be lost in a new city
B．	can't find their way in different countries
C．	can learn about the culture of an unknown place
D．	can find their position within 2000kilometers

67．We can learn from the passage that 　　．

A．	there are three parts to the GPS
B．	a GPS can't be put into the watch
C．	a GPS can help you start your car
D．	the GPS devices are becoming more and more expensive

68．The underlined word" they"in paragraph 3means" 　　"．

A．	receivers
B．	GPS devices
C．	a network of ground stations
D．	satellites

69．The passage is mainly about 　．

A．	the history of the GPS
B．	the introduction of the GPS
C．	the shape of the GPS
D．	the price of the GPS

70．what can we infer（推断） from the passage？ 　　

A．	All GPS devices have electronic maps．
B．	People all over the world use the GPS for free．
C．	The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites．
D．	The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life．

You have often looked into a mirror（镜子），of course，But you haven't seen the real picture of your face yet．And why couldn't you see it？When you look into a mirror．You don't see your face as other people see it．You see a reversedpicture．If you close your left eye，your picture closes its right eye．If you touch your right ear with your right hand，your picture touches its left ear with its left hand．

If you have two small mirrors，you can see you faces as your friends see it．You hold the two mirrors at right angles（角度）to each other and look into them．After some practice you will be able to see the real picture of your face．

Now close your left eye and your picture closes its left eye too．Touch your right ear with your right hand and your picture touches its right ear with its right hand！This is because each mirror reflected（反射）the picture in the other mirror，So you see a reversed picture of a reversed picture，which of course，is the same as the real picture．

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案，并在答题卡上将选定的答案标号涂黑．

66．When you look into a mirror，you couldn't see 　　．

A．	your face as others see it
B．	the picture of yourself
C．	the picture of your face
D．	the picture of your eyes

67．What does the underlined word" reversed"mean in this passage？ 　　

A．	相同的
B．	相反的
C．	模拟的
D．	虚拟的

68．According to the first paragraph of the passage，if you close your left eye，your picture in the mirror 　　．

A．	touches its left ear
B．	closes its left eye
C．	touches its right car
D．	closes its right eye

69．Which of the following pictures is right according to the second paragraph of the passage？ 　　

（M＝mirror，P＝person）

70．We can learn something about 　　from the passage．

A．	body language
B．	physical education
C．	optical illusions
D．	television invention．

Are you nervous？ Maybe you should sit in a blue room． Are you always cold？ Maybe you should sit in a room painted in a "warm colour" such as soft orange． Are you often sad？ Maybe you should sit in a yellow room． Some researchers believe that colour has the power to influence our feelings． They believe that colours affect（影响）everyone in the same way．

One study was in a workplace．The researchers painted heavy boxes white and light boxes black．They want to see how colour affected the workers' feelings．Which boxes do you think were more difficult to lift？ The heavy white ones？ No． The white boxes were heavier but they looked light．The researchers think that this is because light colours seem light．

Another study was at school． Researchers at the University of Alberta in Edmonton， Canada， studied children with behaviour problems in their classroom．When the walls were brown and yellow，the children's heart rate went up and they were over﹣active．However，when the walls were dark blue，the children's heart rate was slower and the children were much calmer． If this is true， we can think carefully about the colours around them﹣﹣not just in our homes， but also in offices， in schools， in hospitals， in gyms， in museums， in restaurants and even in prisons．

根据短文内容，选择最佳的答案．

（1）According to Paragraph 1， it's better for a person who fails in the exam to sit in a 　　room．

A．	yellow
B．	white
C．	black

（2）The boxes painted white look 　　．

A．	heavy
B．	light
C．	cold

（3）Which of the following is true？ 　　

A．	It's certain of that colours affect everyone in the same way．
B．	The result of the second study can be widely used．
C．	Colours can change the weight of a box．

（4）The best title for the passage can be 　　．

A．	How Colours Affect Feelings
B．	How Colours Affect Children with Bebaviour Problems
C．	How Colours Are Used in Science Research

（5）The passage probably comes from 　　．

A．	a computer textbook
B．	a government report
C．	a science magazine

In our daily life， robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous， boring， difficult， or dirty． And we often see kids play with toy robots．

    But what exactly is a robot？ There are some important characteristics（特征 ） that a robot must have． These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot． It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot． A robot has these important characteristics．

    Sensing First of all， your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it．Give your robot sensors （传感器）：light sensors（ eyes ）， touch sensors （hands）， chemical sensors（nose）， hearing sensors（ears） and taste sensors （tongue）．

    Movement a robot needs to be able to move around its environment． It can move on wheels， walk on legs or be driven by small engines（发动机）． A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it．

    Energy a robot needs to be able to power itself． Some robots might power itself with sunlight，some might with electricity， while others with the battery（电池）． The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do．

    Intelligence a robot needs some kind of "smarts"． A programmer is the person who gives

the robot its "smarts"． The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do．

（1）The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 is about　　．

A． the toy

B． the characteristic

C． the machine

D． the engine

（2）The chemical sensors may help a robot to　　．

A． see

B． catch

C． hear

D． smell

（3）In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage？　　

A． Two．

B． Three．

C． Four．

D． Five．

（4）The Chinese meaning of "Intelligence" in the last paragraph isC　．

A． 能源

B． 勤奋

C． 智能

D． 外观

（5）What is the main purpose of the passage？　　

A． To help people understand what a robot is．

B． To tell what a robot can do in our life．

C． To describe the movement of a robot．

D． To introduce the history of robots．

Sending packets， shopping for everyday goods and even building a house， these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition．

RoBohoN	Scientists are recommending the latest talking robots． They can be highly intelligent in their responses． RoBohoN， just 10cm tall， makes a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace Museum． It can speak Chinese， English or any other language you like．
Human Support	This robot stands at 1m tall and looks like a container with arms． It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the internet．
HRP﹣5P	As world cities continue developing， there are building sites everywhere， but there aren't enough people to build them． HRP﹣5P looks like a strong builder． It stands at 1.8m tall and weighs 101 kg． It is created to carry out the heavy building tasks．
CarriRo	CarriRo， in the shape of a toy bus， has friendly "eyes" on its front． It works as a postman and sends packages by rolling around the streets． It has a GPS to travel． The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package．

（1）How tall is the RoBohoN？　　

A． 0.1 meter

B． 1 meter

C． 1.8 meter

D． 101 meters

（2）Which Robot is the best helper to the old people's homes？　　

A． RoBohoN

B． Human Support Robot

C．HRP﹣5P

D． CarriRo

（3）How does the owner of the package open the CarriRo？　　

A． by working as a postman

B． by rolling around the street

C． by following the GPS

D． by using the code

（4）In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage？　　

A． culture

B． sports

C． science

D． people

There's much to see under the sea， but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air． The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are． You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it．

    Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface， too． Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away． That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!

    What's more， in deeper water， colors just don't seem as bright． In fact， it looks as if some colors are missing． Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths（波长） of light that are reflected（反射） from its surface． And light is taken in as it moves down through the water．

    Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater． Let's take a bright red， yellow， and blue wet suit as an example． These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water． Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water． The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths， the longest among these three colors， are missing． As you go down deeper， the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part． Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater， you will look terrible， like a ghost（鬼怪）! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!

（1）You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because　　．

A． your eyesight is quite poor

B． you are not quick enough

C． it is not as close as it seems

D． it disappears very quickly

（2）The example of the wet suit is used to explain the change of　　 of an object underwater．

A． the size

B． the color

C． the position

D． the weight

（3）The underlined word"descend" probably means　　 in Chinese in this passage．

A．上升

B．漂浮

C．屏息

D．下潜

（4）Which of the fo1lowing is true？　　

A． A four﹣meter﹣long fish looks three meters long underwater．

B． The wavelengths of red light are longer than those of blue light．

C． Much water will be taken in by the swimmer deep in the water．

D． You will see a ghost if you go as deep as 6 to 9 meters into the sea．

（5）The best title of this passage is　　．

A． The Standard of Color Underwater

B． The Direction of Light Underwater

C． The Brightness of Color Underwater

D． The Behavior of Light Underwater

Artificial intelligence（人工智能），or AI in short， is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans． AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies．

     AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces． As a result， facial recognition （识别）is used a lot in the world． Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals（罪犯）． Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert． It also checks the ID of ride﹣hailing（网约车）drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile．

     AI is also used in self﹣driving cars， which are believed to be the future of driving． Most drivers may wave or nod at passers﹣by to let them cross the street， but self﹣driving cars dont have this ability． Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them"speak"to humans． The system can show what self﹣driving cars will do． For example， if a driverless car is yielding（让路）， it will lash two white lights side to side． A rapidly flashing light tells passers﹣by that the car is about to speed up

     Service Robots also show you how powerful Al is． Imagine this﹣you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door． After dinner he teaches you to play the piano，just like a real music teacher． Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world． In the future． more and more service robots will become good home helpers

     AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs

（1）What does the underlined word identify mean in the passage？　　

      A． To let somebody know his mistakes．

      B． To come to realize and tell who is who．

      C． To take somebody to the police station．

      D． To inform somebody of something important．

   （2）According to the passage， what is facial recognition used for？　　

      A． Driving cars．

      B． Making people smile．

      C． Calling the police．

      D． Checking people's information．

（3）Which technology has been used in rea1 life according to the passage？　　

      A． Service Robots at school．

      B． Robots as ride﹣hailing drivers．

      C． Facia1 recognition for payment．

      D． Light signals for self﹣driving cars．

（4）What can we learn from the passage？　　

      A． People use AI in many different ways．

      B． AI will take the place of human beings in all jobs．

      C． Self﹣driving cars will be able to talk like humans．

      D． A criminal was caught for inventing facia1 recognition．